Gate Mechanism and Parameter Analysis of Anodal-First Waveforms for Improving Selectivity of C-Fiber Nerves
Gate Mechanism and Parameter Analysis of Anodal-First Waveforms for Improving Selectivity of C-Fiber Nerves
Blog Article
Siyu He,1 Kornkanok Tripanpitak,2 Yu Yoshida,2 Shozo Takamatsu,3 Shao Ying Huang,4 Wenwei Yu2,5 1Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 2Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 3Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan; 4Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore; 5Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, JapanCorrespondence: Wenwei YuGraduate School of Science and Technology, Building1-501, Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8522, JapanTel/Fax +81 043 290 3231Email [email protected].
jpPurpose: Few investigations have been conducted on the selective stimulation of small-radius unmyelinated C nerves (C), which are critical to both the recovery Riding Helmets of damaged nerves and pain suppression.The purpose of this study is to understand how an anodal pulse in an anodal-first stimulation could improve C-selectivity over myelinated nociceptive Aδ nerves (Aδ) and to further clarify the landscape of the solution space.Materials and Methods: An adapted Hodgkin–Huxley (HH) model and the McIntyre–Richardson–Grill (MRG) model were used for modeling Storage Boxes C and Aδ, respectively, to analyze the underlying ion dynamics and the influence of relevant stimulation waveforms, including monopolar, polarity-symmetric, and asymmetric pulses.
Results: The results showed that polarity asymmetric waveforms with preceding anodal stimulations benefit C-selectivity the most, underlain by the decrease in the potassium ion current of C.Conclusion: The optimal parameters for C-selectivity have been identified in the low-frequency band, remarkably benefiting the design of selective stimulation waveforms for the recovery of damaged nerves and pain management.Keywords: anodal-first stimulation, C-selectivity, ion dynamics, polarity-asymmetric waveforms.